The list of families below is arranged phylogenetically in the order
presented in the Treatise (1997). In 2003, Peter Jell and Jonathan
Adrain presented an exhaustive listing of trilobite generic names, and
also included a listing according to families. Their list of families
is rather different than the arrangement provided in the 1997 Treatise
volume, so I have included their family arrangement differences (and
other disparities) in green text. Author citations are also
provided for the Agnostida and Redlichiida according to the revised
Treatise
(1997), and for other orders according to Jell & Adrain 2003 and a
variety
of specific sources. I hope it encourages trilobite enthusiasts
to study the new treatise and gain insight on the classification
of this diverse and fascinating group of organisms.
ORDER AGNOSTIDA Salter, 1864 SUBORDER AGNOSTINA Salter, 1864 Superfamily Agnostoidea M'Coy, 1849 Agnostidae M'Coy, 1849 Subfamily Agnostinae Subfamily Ammagnostinae Subfamily Glyptagnostinae [family Glyptagnostidae] Ptychagnostidae Kobayashi, 1939 Spinagnostidae Howell, 1935 Subfamily Spinagnostinae [into family Peronopsidae] Subfamily Doryagnostinae [family Doryagnostidae] Peronopsidae Westergård, 1936 Diplagnostidae Whitehouse, 1936 Subfamily Diplagnostinae Subfamily Oidalagnostinae Subfamily Pseudagnostinae Clavagnostidae Howell, 1937 Subfamily Clavagnostinae Subfamily Aspidagnostinae Metagnostidae Jaekel, 1909 Superfamily Uncertain Phalacromidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 [into Agnostidae] Sphaeragnostidae Kobayashi, 1939 [into Peronopsidae] Superfamily Condylopygoidea Raymond, 1913 Condylopygidae Raymond, 1913 SUBORDER EODISCINA Kobayashi, 1939 Superfamily Eodiscoidea Raymond, 1913 Tsunyidiscidae S. Zhang, 1980 Hebediscidae Kobayashi, 1944 Calodiscidae Kobayashi, 1943 Weymouthiidae Kobayashi, 1943 Yukoniidae S. Zhang, 1980 Eodiscidae Raymond, 1913 ORDER LICHIDA Moore 1959 SUBORDER LICHINA Superfamily Lichoidea Lichidae Lichakephalidae (including Eoacidaspidae?) .......... ORDER ODONTOPLEURIDA Whittington 1959 SUBORDER ODONTOPLEURINA Superfamily Odontopleuroidea Odontopleuridae (including Eoacidaspidae?) Selenopeltidae [into Odontopleuridae] Superfamily Dameselloidea Damesellidae |
ORDER REDLICHIIDA Richter, 1932 SUBORDER OLENELLINA Walcott, 1890b Superfamily Olenelloidea Walcott, 1890 Olenellidae Walcott, 1890 Subfamily Olenellinae Subfamily Biceratopsinae Subfamily Bristoliinae Subfamily Gabriellinae Subfamily Laudoniinae Subfamily Wanneriinae Holmiidae Hupé, 1953 Subfamily Holmiinae Subfamily Callaviinae Superfamily Fallotaspidoidea Hupé, 1953 Fallotaspididae Hupé, 1953 Subfamily Fallotaspidinae Subfamily Daguinaspidinae Archaeaspididae Repina, 1979 Judomiidae Repina, 1979 Neltneriidae Hupé, 1953 Nevadiidae Hupé, 1953 SUBORDER REDLICHIINA Richter, 1932 Superfamily Emuelloidea Pocock, 1970 Emuellidae Pocock, 1970 Megapharanaspidae Paterson & Jago 2006 Superfamily Redlichioidea Poulsen, 1927 Redlichiidae Poulsen, 1927 Subfamily Redlichiinae Subfamily Metaredlichiinae Subfamily Neoredlichiinae Subfamily Pararedlichiinae Subfamily Wutingaspinae Dolerolenidae Kobayashi, 1951 Subfamily Doleroleninae ?Subfamily Paramalungiinae Yinitidae Hupé, 1953 Mayiellidae Chang, 1966 Gigantopygidae Harrington, 1959 Subfamily Gigantopyginae Subfamily Yiliangellinae Saukiandidae Hupé, 1953 Subfamily Saukiandinae Subfamily Despujolsiinae Subfamily Resseropinae Metadoxididae Whitehouse, 1939 Abadiellidae Hupé, 1953 Kueichowiidae Lu, 1965 Menneraspididae Pokrovskaya, 1959 Redlichinidae Zhang & Lin, 1980 Chengkouaspidae Zhang & Lin, 1980 Superfamily Paradoxidoidea Hawle & Corda, 1847 Paradoxididae Hawle & Corda, 1847 Centropleuridae Angelin, 1854 Xystriduridae Öpik, 1975 |
ORDER CORYNEXOCHIDA Kobayashi 1935 SUBORDER CORYNEXOCHINA Superfamily Corynexochoidea Amgaspididae Corynexochidae Cheiruroididae [into Oryctocephalidae] Chenghuiidae [Chengkouiidae] Dorypygidae Ogygopsidae [into Dorypygidae] Oryctocephalidae Dolichometopidae Edelsteinaspidae Jakutidae Longduiidae [into Yinitidae (ORDER REDLICHIIDA)] Zacanthoididae Dinesidae SUBORDER ILLAENINA Superfamily Illaenoidea Styginidae (Scutelluidae) Phillipsinellidae [into Styginidae] Illaenidae Panderidae Tsinaniidae SUBORDER LEIOSTEGIINA Superfamily Leiostegioidea Leiostegiidae Pagodiidae Kaolishaniidae Cheilocephalidae Lecanopygidae [Illaenuridae] Shirakellidae (?) Ordosiidae |
ORDER PHACOPIDA Salter 1864 SUBORDER CALYMENINA Superfamily Calymenoidea Calymenidae Pharostomatidae Homalonotidae Bavarillidae Carmonidae [not listed as family] Bathycheilidae SUBORDER PHACOPINA Superfamily Phacopoidea Phacopidae Pterygometopidae Superfamily Dalmanitoidea Dalmanitidae Prosopiscidae Diaphanometopidae Superfamily Acastoidea Acastidae Calmoniidae SUBORDER CHEIRURINA Superfamily Cheiruroidea Cheiruridae Pliomeridae Pilekiidae Encrinuridae Staurocephalidae [into Encrinuridae] Hammatocnemidae [into Cheiruridae] |
ORDER PROETIDA Fortey & Owens 1975 SUBORDER PROETINA Superfamily Proetoidea Proetidae Tropidocoryphidae Phillipsidae [into Proetidae] Superfamily Aulacopleuroidea Aulacopleuridae Brachymetopidae Rorringtoniidae Superfamily Bathyuroidea Bathyuridae Dimeropygidae Hystricuridae Toernquistiidae (per Chatterton et al 1998) Celmidae [into Dimeropygidae] Lecanopygidae (Illaenuridae) (?) Glaphuridae [into Raymondinidae, order uncertain] Holotrachelidae Telephinidae Sharyiidae ORDER HARPETIDA Ebach & McNamara 2002 SUBORDER HARPETINA Superfamily Harpetioidea Harpetidae Harpididae (=Loganopeltidae) Entomaspididae [into Harpetidae] ORDER ASAPHIDA Fortey & Chatterton 1988 SUBORDER ASAPHINA Fortey & Chatterton 1988 Superfamily Anomocaroidea Anomocarellidae Anomocaridae Pterocephaliidae (includes Housiinae) Parabolinoididae Dikelokephalinidae [into Hungaiidae (Remopleuridoidea)] Aphelaspididae Superfamily Asaphoidea Asaphidae Ceratopygidae Superfamily Dikelokephaloidea Dikelokephalidae Andrarinidae Saukiidae Ptychaspididae Eurekiidae Loganellidae [into Idahoiidae (Remopleuridoidea)] Superfamily Remopleuridioidea Remopleurididae Kainellidae [into Remopleurididae] Opipeuteridae [into Telephinidae (ORDER PROETIDA)] Bohemillidae Auritamiidae Idahoiidae Hungaiidae Superfamily Cyclopygoidea Cyclopygidae Taihungshaniidae Nileidae Superfamily Trinucleioidea Trinucleidae Dionididae (=Tongxinaspididae) (?) Orometopidae [into Alsataspididae] Raphiophoridae Alsataspididae Liostracinidae Superfamily Uncertain Rhyssometopidae (includes Mapaniidae, Plectriferidae) Monkaspididae (=Chelidonocephalidae) (?) |
ORDER PTYCHOPARIIDA Swinnerton 1915 SUBORDER PTYCHOPARIINA Superfamily Ellipsocephaloidea Bigotinidae Yunnanocephalidae Palaeolenidae Estaingiidae Ellipsocephalidae Protolenidae [into Ellipsocephalidae] Aldonaiidae Agraulidae Wuaniidae Superfamily Ptychoparioidea Eulomidae Antagmidae Alokistocaridae Ptychopariidae Marjumiidae Solenopleuridae Atopidae Holocephalinidae Conocoryphidae Dokimokephalidae Onchonotopsidae [into Catillicephalidae, order uncertain] Nepeiidae [Nepeidae] Crepicephalidae Tricrepicephalidae Lonchcephalidae Kingstoniidae Shumardiidae Asaphiscidae Cooselidae [into Crepicephalidae] Elviniidae (includes Komaspididae) Cedariidae Norwoodiidae Menomoniidae Bolaspididae Papyriaspididae Emmrichellidae [into Asaphiscidae] Changshaniidae Diceratocephalidae Phylacteridae Conokephalinidae Utiidae Tengfengiidae [into Proasaphiscidae] Lisaniidae Inouyiidae Lorenzellidae Proasaphiscidae Isocolidae Ignotogregatidae Holanshaniidae [into Proasaphiscidae] Mapaniidae Acrocephalitidae Llanoaspididae SUBORDER OLENINA Superfamily Olenoidea Olenidae SUBORDER UNCERTAIN Ithyophoridae POLYPHYLETIC GROUPS Catillicephalidae Raymondinidae Avoninidae Plethopeltidae (near Cedariidae - Norwoodiidae above?) ORDER UNCERTAIN Burlingiidae Bathynotidae [into Chengkouaspididae (ORDER REDLICHIIDA)] Bestjubellidae [into Lichakephalidae (ORDER LICHIDA)] Missisquoiidae (Leiostegiina?) Naraoiidae (Do the Naraoiids represent a unique Order?) Sarkiidae Other Classification Issues Order Odontopleurida (Should it be split from Lichida?) |
TRILOBITE ORDERS, SUBORDERS, AND SUPERFAMILIES
ORDER | SUBORDERS | SUPERFAMILIES | |
AGNOSTIDA LCam - UOrd |
AGNOSTINA LCam - UOrd EODISCINA |
Agnostoidea LCam - UOrd Condylopygoidea LCam - MCam Eodiscoidea |
|
REDLICHIIDA LCam - MCam |
OLENELLINA LCam only REDLICHIINA |
Olenelloidea LCam only Fallotaspidoidea LCam only Emuelloidea |
|
CORYNEXOCHIDA LCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
CORYNEXOCHINA LCam - UCam ILLAENINA LEIOSTEGIINA |
Corynexochoidea LCam - UCam Illaenoidea Leiostegioidea MCam - LOrd |
|
LICHIDA MCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
LICHINA MCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
Lichoidea MCam - MDev? |
|
ODONTOPLEURIDA MCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
ODONTOPLEURINA MCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
Odontopleuroidea LOrd? - UDev (Frasnian) Dameselloidea MCam - UCam? |
|
PHACOPIDA LOrd - UDev (Fammenian) |
PHACOPINA LOrd - UDev (Fammenian) CALYMENINA CHEIRURINA |
Phacopoidea
Dalmanitoidea Acastoidea Calymenoidea Cheiruroidea |
|
PTYCHOPARIIDA LCam - UOrd |
PTYCHOPARIINA LCam - MOrd OLENINA |
Ellipsocephaloidea LCam - MCam Ptychoparioidea LCam - MOrd Olenoidea |
|
ASAPHIDA MCam - USil |
ASAPHINA MCam - USil |
Anomocaroidea MCam - UCam Asaphoidea LOrd - UOrd Dikelokephaloidea UCam only Remopleuridoidea UCam? - UOrd Cyclopygoidea LOrd - UOrd Trinucleioidea UCam - USil |
|
PROETIDA UCam- UPer |
PROETINA UCam- UPer |
Aulacopleuroidea LOrd - UPer Proetoidea LOrd - UPer Bathyuroidea UCam - MOrd? |
|
HARPETIDA UCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
HARPETINA UCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
Harpetioidea UCam - UDev (Frasnian) |
Bergstrom, Jan. 1973. Organization, life, and systematics of trilobites. Fossils and Strata 2:1-69, figs. 1-16, pl. 1-5.
Chatterton, B.D.E., and S.E. Speyer. 1990. Applications of the study of trilobite ontogeny. Short Courses in Paleontology, Paleontological Society 3:116-36.
Clarkson, E. N. K. 1975. The evolution of the eye in trilobites. Fossils and Strata 4:7-31.
Clarkson, E. N. K. & R. Levi-Setti. 1975. Trilobite eyes and the optics of Descartes and Huygens. Nature 254 (1975): 663-667.
Fortey, R.A. 1990a. Ontogeny, hypostome attachment, and trilobite classification. Palaeontology 33:529-76, figs. 1-19, pl. 1.
Fortey, R.A. 1990b. Trilobite evolution and systematics. Short Courses in Paleontology, Paleontological Society 3:44-65.
Fortey, R.A. 1997. Classification. In Kaesler, R. L., ed. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita, revised. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. xxiv + 530 pp., 309 figs. The Geological Society of America, Inc. & The University of Kansas. Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas.
Fortey, R.A. 2001. Trilobite systematics: the last 75 years. J. Paleontology. 75(6):1141-51.
Fortey, R.A., and N.C. Hughes. 1998. Brood pouches in trilobites. J. Paleontology. 72(4):638-49.
Fortey, R. A. & R. M. Owens. 1999. The Trilobite Exoskeleton. in: Functional Morphology of the Invertebrate Skeleton. John Wiley & Sons.
Fortey, R. A. & R. M. Owens. 1999.
Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42(3):429-65.
Jell, P. A. 2003. Phylogeny of Early Cambrian trilobites. Special
Papers in Palaeontology 70:45-57.
Jell, P.A. & J.M. Adrain. 2003 Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48(2):331-553
Jensen, S. 1990. Predation by early Cambrian trilobites on infaunal worms -- evidence from the Swedish Mickwitzia Sandstone. Lethaia 23:29-42.
Kaesler, R. L., ed. 1997. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita, revised. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. xxiv + 530 pp., 309 figs. The Geological Society of America, Inc. & The University of Kansas. Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas.
Levi-Setti, R. 1993. Trilobites (2nd Ed.). University of Chicago Press.
McNamara, K.J., and D.M. Rudkin. 1984. Techniques of trilobite exuviation. Lethaia 17:153-73.
Moore, R.C., ed. 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press. Lawrence, Kansas & Boulder, Colorado. xix + 560 pp., 415 figs.
Stockton, W.L., and Cowen, R. 1976. Stereoscopic vision in one eye: paleophysiology of the schizochroal eye in trilobites. Paleobiology 2:304-15.
Whittington, H.B. 1988a. Hypostomes of post-Cambrian trilobites. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resource, Memoir 44:321-39, 26 figs.
Whittington, H.B. 1988b. Hypostomes and ventral cephalic sutures in Cambrian trilobites. Palaeontology 31:577-610.
Zhang, W.T. 1980. On the Miomera and Polymera (Trilobita). Scientia Sinica 23:223-34.
Zhang, Xiguang & E. N. K. Clarkson. 1990. The eyes of lower Cambrian eodiscid trilobites. Palaeontology 33:911-932.
Hawle, Ignaz & A.J.C. Corda. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographie der böhmischen Trilobiten. Abhandlungen Koeniglichen Boehmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. J.G. Calve, Prague. 176 p., 7 pl. [Family Phalacromidae]
Howell, B.F. 1935. New Middle Cambrian agnostian trilobites from Vermont. Journal of Paleontology. 9:218-21, pl. 22. [Family Spinagnostidae]
Howell, B.F. 1937. Cambrian Centropleura vermontensis fauna of northwestern Vermont. Geological Society of America Bulletin 48:1147-210, 6 pl. [Family Clavagnostidae]
Jaekel, O. 1909. Uber die Agnostiden. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 61:380-401. 23 fig. [Family Metagnostidae]
Kobayashi, T. 1939. On the Agnostids (part 1). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II, Geology, Minerology, Geography, Seismology. 5(5):69-198. [Suborder Eodiscina; Families Ptychagnostidae, Sphaeragnostidae]
Kobayashi, T. 1943. Brief notes on the eodiscids 1, their classification with a description of a new species and a new variety. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, Tokyo. 19:37-42, fig. 1-5. [Families Calodiscidae, Weymouthiidae]
Kobayashi, T. 1944. On the eodiscids. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II. 7(1):1-74, pl. 1-2, table 1-4. [Family Hebediscidae]
M'Coy, F. 1849. On the classification of some British fossil Crustacea with notices of some new forms in the University collection at Cambridge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 2) 4:161-79, 330-5, 392-414. [Superfamily Agnostoidea, Family Agnostidae]
Raymond, P.E. 1913. On the genera of the Eodiscidae. The Ottawa Naturalist 27:101-6. [Superfamilies Condylopygoidea, Eodisoidea; Families Condylopygidae, Eodiscidae]
Salter, J.W. 1864. A Monograph of British Trilobites, Part 1. Palaeontographical Society, London, Monograph, vol. for 1862. p. 1-80, pl. 1-6. [Order Agnostida, Suborder Agnostina]
Westergård, A.H. 1936. Paradoxides oelandicus beds of Oland: With the account of a diamond boring through the Cambrian at Mossberga. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Series C. no. 394, Årsbok 30, no. 1:1-66, 12 figs., 12 pl. [Family Peronopsidae]
Whitehouse, F.W. 1936. The Cambrian faunas of north-Eastern Australia. Part 1: Stratigraphical outline; Part 2: Trilobita (Miomera), Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 11(1):59-112, fig. 1-4, pl. 8-10. [Family Diplagnostidae]
S. Zhang, 1980. in Zhang, Wentang, Yanhao Lu, Zaoling Zhu, Yiyuan Qian, Huanling Lin, Zhiyi Zhou, Sengui Zhang, & Jinliang Yuan. 1980. Cambrian trilobite faunas of southwestern China. Paleontologia Sinica 159 (new series B, no. 16):1-497, 105 fig., 134 pl. [Families Yukoniidae, Tsunydiscidae]
Order REDLICHIIDA:
last revised January 17, 2002
Angelin, N.P. 1854 in Angelin, N.P. 1851-1878. Paleontologia Scandinavica. Pars 1. Curstacea Formationis Transitionis [fasc. 2 (1854): p. i-ix, 21-92, pl. 25-41.] [Family Centropleuridae]
Chang, W. [also Zhang, Wentang] 1966. On the classification of Redlichiacea, with the description of new families and new genera. Acta Paleontologica Sinica 14(2):135-84, fig. 1-17, pl. 1-6. [Family Mayiellidae]
Harrington, H.J. 1959. Family Gigantopygidae. in: Moore, R.C., ed. 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press. Lawrence, Kansas & Boulder, Colorado. xix + 560 pp., 415 figs. [Family Gigantopygidae]
Hawle, Ignaz & A.J.C. Corda. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographie der böhmischen Trilobiten. Abhandlungen Koeniglichen Boehmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. J.G. Calve, Prague. 176 p., 7 pl. [Family Paradoxididae]
Hupé, P. 1953. Contribution à l'étude du Cambrien inférieur et du Précambrian III de l'Anti-Atlas Marocain. Direction de la Production Industrielle et des Mines, Division des Mines et de la Géologie, Service Géologique, Notes et Mémoires 103:1-402, fig. 1-99, pl. 1-24. [Superfamily Fallotaspidoidea; Families Holmiidae, Fallotaspididae, Neltneriidae, Nevadiidae, Yinitidae, Saukiandidae, Abadiellidae]
Kobayashi, T. 1951. in Kobayashi, T. & F. Kato. 1951. On the ontogeny and ventral morphology of Redlichia chinensis, with description of Alutella nakamurai n. gen., n. sp. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II 8(3):99-143, 9 fig., pl. 1-5. [Family Dolerolenidae]
Lu, Y. 1965. Family Kueichowiidae. in: Lu Yenhao, Wentang Chang, Zhaoling Zhu, Yiyuan Qian & Liwen Xiang. 1965. Fossils of Each Group of China: Chinese Trilobites. Science Press, Beijing. 766 p., 135 pl. (2 vol.) In Chinese. [Family Kueichowiidae]
Öpik, A.A. 1975. Cymbric Vale fauna of New South Wales and Early Cambrian Biostratigraphy. Australian Government Publishing Service, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 159:1-78, 14 fig., 7 pl. [Family Xystriduridae]
Pocock, K.J. 1970. The Emuellidae: a new family of trilobites from the Lower Cambrian of South Australia. Palaeontology 13:522-62, fig. 1-9, pl. 106-10. [Superfamily Emuelloidea, Family Emuellidae]
Pokrovskaya, N.V. 1959. Trilobitovaya fauna i Stratigraphiya Kembrijskikh otlochenij Tuvy [Trilobite fauna and stratigraphy of Cambrian deposits from Tuva]. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta 27:1-199, pl. 1-11. [Family Menneraspididae]
Poulsen, C. 1927. The Cambrian, Ozarkian and Canadian faunas of northwest Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 70:233-343, pl. 14-21. [Superfamily Redlichioidea, Family Redlichiidae]
Repina, L.N. 1979. Zavisimost morfologicheskikh priznakov ot uslovii obitaniia trilobitov i otsenka ikh znacheniia dlia sistematiki nadsemeistva Olenelloidea [The dependence of morphological features upon the living conditions of trilobites and an evaluation of their importance in the classification of the Superfamily Olenelloidea]. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Ordelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofizikii 431:11-30, 13 fig., pl. 1-2. [Families Archaeaspididae, Judomiidae]
Richter, R. 1932. Crustacea (Paläotologie) in: R. Dittler. G Joos, E. Korschelt, G. Linek, F, Oltmanns, K. Schaum, eds., Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften, 2nd ed. Gustav Fisher. Jena. p. 840-64, fig.A, 1-64. [Order Redlichiida, Suborder Redlichiina]
Walcott C.D. 1890. The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone. In: 10th Annual Report of the Director, 1888-1889, United States Geological Survey. p. 509-774, fig. 44-69, pl. 43-98. [Suborder Olenellina, Superfamily Olenelloidea, Family Olenellidae]
Whitehouse, F.W. 1939. The Cambrian faunas of north-Eastern Australia. Part 3: The polymerid trilobites (with supplement 1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 11(3):179-282, unnumbered figs., pl. 19-25. [Family Metadoxididae]
Zhang, W. & H. Lin, 1980. [Families Redlichinidae, Chengkouaspidae] in: Zhang, W., Y. Lu, Z. Zhu, Y. Qian, H. Lin, Z. Zhou, S. Zhang, & J. Yuan. 1980. Cambrian trilobite faunas of southwestern China. Palaeontologica Sinica 159 (new series B, no. 16):1-497, 105 fig., 134 pl.
CORYNEXOCHIDA:
Kobayashi, T. 1935. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of south
Chosen. Paleontology, Part 3: Cambrian faunas of south Chosen with a special
study on the Cambrian trilobite genera and families. Journal of the Faculty
of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II. 4(2):49-344, fig.
1-33, pl. 1-24.
LICHIDA & ODONTOPLEURIDA:
Moore, R.C. 1959. Order Lichida. in: Moore, R.C., ed. 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate
Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Geological Society of America &
University of Kansas Press. Lawrence, Kansas & Boulder, Colorado. xix
+ 560 pp., 415 figs.
Pollit, J.R., R.A. Fortey & M.A Wills. 2005. Systematics of the Trilobite families Lichidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 and Lichakephalidae Tripp, 1957: The application of Bayesian inference to morphological data. J. Syst. Pal. 3(3):225-41.
Thomas A.T. and D.J. Holloway. 1988. Classification and phylogeny of the trilobite order Lichida. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London 321:179-262.
Whittington, H.B. 2002. Lichidae (Trilobita): Morphology and classification. J. Paleontology 76(2):306-20.
PHACOPIDA:
Salter, J.W. 1864. A Monograph of British Trilobites, Part 1. Palaeontographical
Society, London, Monograph, vol. for 1862. p. 1-80, pl. 1-6.
PTYCHOPARIIDA:
Swinnerton, H.H. 1915. Suggestions for a revised classification of trilobites.
Geological Magazine (new series) 6(2):487-96, 538-45.
ASAPHIDA:
Fortey, R.A. & B.D.E. Chatterton. 1988. Classification of the trilobite
suborder Asaphina. Palaeontology 31:165-222, fig. 1-27, pl. 17-19.
PROETIDA:
Fortey, R.A. & R.M. Owens. 1975. Proetida: a new order of trilobites.
Fossils and Strata 4:227-39.
HARPETIDA:
Ebach, M.C. & K.J. McNamara. 2002.
A systematic revision of the family Harpetidae (Trilobita). Records of
the Western Australian Museum 21: 235-67.
TRILOBITA:
Walch, J.E.I. 1771. Die Naturgeschichte der versteinerungen zur erläuterung
der Knorrischen Sammlung von Merkwurdigkeiten der Natur. Nürnberg.